Colorectal cancer, commonly referred to as colon or rectal cancer, is one of the most prevalent malignancies. With economic development and lifestyle changes, the incidence of colorectal cancer has been rising annually in China, ranking fifth among all cancer types. Due to China’s large population, the number of new cases and deaths from colorectal cancer has surpassed that of the United States. Notably, an increasing proportion of young people are affected, and most diagnoses occur at advanced stages.

 

How Can Colorectal Cancer Be Detected Early?

 

With the rising standard of living, colorectal cancer rates are increasing in China. In its early stages, the symptoms of colorectal cancer are often mild and nonspecific, frequently mistaken for digestive issues like indigestion, gastritis, chronic colitis, hemorrhoids, or anal fistulas. Therefore, it’s essential to be mindful of the following **“Ten Warning Signs” of Colorectal Cancer** and consider “Three Key Tests” (digital rectal examination, endoscopy, and fecal occult blood test) to facilitate early detection.

 

The Ten Warning Signs of Early Colorectal Cancer

 

1. Sudden unexplained weight loss

2. Unexplained anemia

3. Persistent bloating, abdominal pain, indigestion, and loss of appetite

4. Presence of an abdominal mass

5. Bloody or black stools

6. Stools containing pus, blood, or mucus

7. Changes in bowel habits, such as increased frequency or diarrhea

8. Alternating between diarrhea and constipation

9. Changes in stool shape, such as narrowing, flattening, or grooves

10. Detection of multiple polyps or a villous adenoma on examination

 

Which Specialist Should You Consult for Suspected Colorectal Cancer?

 

If colorectal cancer is suspected, consult a specialist in gastrointestinal surgery, gastroenterology, or oncology at a cancer center to determine the nature of the disease.

 

How Can Colorectal Cancer Be Prevented?

 

Colorectal cancer progresses over a prolonged, multi-stage process. Studies indicate that approximately 90% of colorectal cancers develop through a sequence from normal mucosa to hyperplasia, to adenoma formation, and finally to malignant transformation. This process typically takes 5-10 years, providing a valuable window for prevention. Removing adenomas at this stage can prevent colorectal cancer from developing.

 

Screening and monitoring high-risk individuals through colonoscopy enable early diagnosis and treatment of adenomas or precancerous lesions. This approach represents the most effective prevention strategy against colorectal cancer today.