Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has a low incidence rate in most parts of the world, but 50% of cases globally occur in China. It is particularly common in southern and southeastern coastal regions of the country, with Guangdong Province having the highest incidence. Due to its unique geographic distribution, NPC is often referred to as "Guangdong Cancer."

Why is the NPC incidence rate so high in Guangdong? What are the causes of nasopharyngeal cancer?

1. Dietary Factors:
   Diet plays a significant role in the development of NPC. Foods such as salted fish, pickled vegetables, and cured meats often contain high levels of nitrites, which can convert into the carcinogen nitrosamine under certain conditions, increasing the risk of NPC. The high consumption of salted fish among Guangdong residents is thought to contribute to the elevated incidence of NPC in the region.

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3. Genetic Factors:
   NPC has a clear familial clustering tendency. If two or more direct relatives in a family, particularly in high-incidence areas, are diagnosed with NPC, other family members should be more vigilant and undergo regular screening for early detection.

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5. Viral Infections:
   NPC is strongly associated with infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). High levels of EBV antibodies and DNA are frequently detected in NPC patients. In high-incidence areas such as Hong Kong and Guangdong, testing for EBV DNA in blood is recommended as a screening method to identify high-risk individuals. Further diagnostic procedures, such as nasopharyngoscopy or MRI, can improve early detection rates.

How to Prevent Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Daily Life

1. Adjust Dietary Habits:

   • Reduce consumption of salted fish, pickled vegetables, fermented tofu, and similar foods.
   • Increase intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, carrots, and sweet oranges.

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3. Recognize Early Symptoms:

   • Be alert to early signs of NPC and seek medical advice promptly.

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5. Regular Screening for High-Risk Groups:

   • Since EBV infection is closely linked to NPC, individuals in high-incidence areas and high-risk groups should consider regular monitoring of blood EBV DNA levels or periodic screenings through nasopharyngoscopy or MRI for early detection of NPC.

By adopting these preventive measures, the risk of developing NPC can be reduced, and early diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes.